Annotating OGC web feature services automatically for generating geospatial knowledge graphs

The Spatial Data Infrastructure initiatives are now broadly developed and deployed. However, while plenty of tools use them, some tasks still complex to perform by non-expert users, such as finding, accessing, using their related OGC Web Services (OWS). One the main reasons for these challenges is associated with semantic heterogeneity within services. This entails a lack proper descriptions requires knowledge about data structure domain-specific query languages discover retrieve Semantic annotations OWS play crucial role in achieving interoperability addressing challenges. In this article we describe an approach enabling automatic generation Feature (WFS) at three request levels (GetCapabilities, DescribeFeatureType, GetFeature), which used generate graphs. uses various external services, ontological resources (POSM, DBpedia, GeoSPARQL, GeoNames, datos.ign.es vocabularies), bases (DBpedia datos.ign.es). Moreover, enables us validate obtained previous step generating geospatial Additionally, present our proposal through application case assess it representative set 21 WFS average 46.70% annotations, 22.29% 35.52% were validated DBpedia initiatives, respectively. shows feasibility graphs from services way.